The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone Essay Example

The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone Paper The chief agent is Creon; his is the character, his the faults and merits, which are immediately relevant to the play1. This comment from H.D.F Kitto is the reason for this study into Creons character in the Antigone of the two protagonists featured, I feel his development throughout the tragedy is the most interesting and compelling aspect of the play. We watch him change from an admired, strong ruler into a tyrant who possesses a severe lack of judgement and misguided conceptions of the world, and finally into a shattered, fallen man whose values have cost him dearly. The character of Creon is at fault for all that happens in the play his decisions drastically effect the lives of those around him. However, his difficult position must be remembered when analysing his actions he was king, and believed he was acting in the best interests of the city. Also, he is the one who fares the worst due to his actions, and is left to live with this pain. As is typical of Greek tragedy, there is no sitting and doing nothing2, so Creon had to act in some way, but his misjudgement caused him to act in a manner which caused suffering to all. Through this study I hope to come to a more thorough understanding of Creons character and consequently gain a deeper insight into the meaning of the play as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Character of Creon In the Antigone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First impressions of Creon are favourable. The chorus describe him as the new man for the new day3 (line 174) and in his opening speech he seems to do what is right for the country, deeming any who place a friend above the good of his own country as nothing (lines 203-4). But even here we have a hint of one of Creons problems his view of the city. Certainly a king should hold high concern for his domain, but we learn later that Creon sees human beings as tools in the productivity of civic well being4, as Martha Nussbaum describes. This critic believes Creon has reordered the values of the world to justify his actions, and this has resulted in his mental fusing of the city and the family. Nussbaum argues that Creon feels he will eliminate the problems of city- family conflict5 if the two become one. He goes so far as to deny familial ties which accounts for his attitude towards Antigones need to bury Polynices where they clash with civic interest. As Nussbaum states, he is attempting to replace blood ties by the bonds of civic friendship6. He sees the city as the supreme good, and all other values are functions of that good. He feels he has made a world into which tragedy cannot enter, but he is sadly mistaken, as is later proven. From this, we can see one of Creons main failings he is incapable of valuing city inhabitants for their intrinsic humanity rather than just their civic productivity. This is proven in his remark to Haemon regarding Antigone he tells his son to simply Spit her out, like a mortal enemy let the girl go (lines 728-9). He feels that because he sees her life as worthless, his son automatically will too he is denying the love his son holds for Antigone, and giving him no respect for having these feelings. Here we are also beginning to witness Creons lapse into tyranny he is prepared to murder Antigone in front of Haemon his own son simply to vent his anger. We had hints of his tyrannical side in his attitude towards the sentry he would have had him killed just for the purpose of punishing someone if the sentry had not found the real culprit. But the inhumanity towards his own flesh and blood is what clinches our opinion. Him bellowing The city is the kings thats the law! (line 825) at Haemon also presents an image of a somewhat power-crazed individual.  We are beginning to see how Creons lack of judgement affects his actions towards others. He lacks respect for the gods, which is shown by comments such as;  Youll never bury that body in the grave,  not even if Zeuss eagles rip the corpse  and wing their rotten pickings off to the throne of god! (lines 1151-1153)

Crystal Paper Snowflake Ornaments

Crystal Paper Snowflake Ornaments Make your own crystal snowflake ornaments by crystallizing borax onto homemade paper snowflakes. These sparkling snowflakes can be made in any size to suit your decorating needs. Materials for Crystal Snowflake Ornaments round paper coffee filtersboraxwaterscissorsfood coloring (optional) Make Crystal Snowflake Ornaments Cut a paper snowflake (or another shape) from the coffee filter.Prepare crystal solution by stirring borax into boiling water until no more will dissolve. Youll know the solution is ready if borax powder starts to accumulate on the bottom of your container.Add a drop of food coloring, if you want colored snowflake ornaments.Place the paper snowflake onto a plate or saucer. Pour the crystal solution over the snowflake, making sure it is completely covered.Allow crystals to grow on the snowflake until you are satisfied with their size. Small crystals take about an hour to form. You can allow the crystals to grow overnight if you want larger crystals.Pour off the crystal solution and carefully dislodge the crystal snowflake from the plate. This is best done with a fingernail or butter knife. You can remove any crystals that are stuck in the holes of the snowflake. Allow the crystal snowflake to fully dry before removing it and hanging it. Other Types of Crystal Snowflakes If you dont have borax, you can still do the project. You can substitute other salts, such as table salt, sea salt, or Epsom salts. Simply stir the salt into the hot water until no more will dissolve. Another option is to use sugar. Sugar crystals work the same way, but you dont need very much water to dissolve a lot of sugar. Start with a small amount of boiling water (perhaps a half cup) and stir in sugar until it stops dissolving. Another option is to boil water on a stove and add sugar. Let the sugar water cool a bit and pour it over a paper snowflake. Sugar solution gets very thick as it cools, so its best to use it while its still warm.

Aztec Tradition

The driving creation beliefs of the Aztec religion begin with the dual god, Ometecuhtli/Omecihuatl. * This god created itself and it was both male and female, bad and good and, chaos and order. * The Aztecs believed that the contrasting aspects in the world would create balance and unite the origins of the world. * The god had four children and each of them represented the four directions of the world north, south, east and west. The Aztecs believed that their empire was at the centre of the universe and therefore the directions mentioned in the creation story link to this. * The four gods created the water and then other gods who then created Cipactli a creature who was part crocodile and part fish. * This creature begun to eat all the creations made by the gods and were eaten. * The four direction gods attacked the Cipactli and stretched him into the four corners and the world was created when it was defeated. * It is believed that the head contained the 13 heavens, the body contained the world and tail held the 9 underworlds Principal beliefs of the Aztecs: * The Aztecs beliefs were based upon the theme of nature * Aztecs believed that the gods needed to be nourished by humans and therefore sacrifice is an integral aspect of Aztec tradition * They believed that the world was divided into five eras, or suns. Each previous era had been governed by one deity and it had ended with the destruction of the elements or phenomena after which it had been named. They believed they were living in the fifth and last era. They believed this era was the era of movement as they believed an earthquake would end the world and time would come to an end. The Aztecs believed in an underworld and a paradise where in which there were 13 heavens and 9 hells in which one could go after death * The sun fought against the darkness every night and rose to save mankind * The Aztecs saw the Earth as a giant flat circular disk (sometimes imagined to be an enormous alligator, whose scales were mountains), surrounded by water as far as the distant horizon, where it joined the sky Identify and describe the role of the supernatural powers and deities in the religion: * The Aztec tradition is a polytheistic religion and is credited over 100 gods and creatures that possess supernatural powers. They worshipped many gods and goddesses, each of whom ruled one or more human activities or aspects of nature. * Many of the gods were agricultural based as the Aztec period was heavily based on farming * Some of the deities were benevolent while others had terrifying characteristics and feared the people * The deities needed to be fed fresh blood in order for the chaos in the world to be avoided. If this was not done the Aztecs believed they would wither and die. They believed that the processes that make life possible like the rain or solar energy and that the destiny of people depended on the will of these gods * Many of the Aztec deities belonged to a number of tribes, cultures and regions Discuss the relationship between sacred spaces and the beliefs of the religion * Aztecs called their temples Teocalli and they were used to worship, pray and make offerings to the Gods. * Some spaces were built purely for specific celebrations of the Aztecs * Many of their sacred spaces were used to carry out the blood offering to the Gods. The temples were a dwelling place on earth for a particular deity and hence why the sacrifices were chosen to be done within this space * The Aztecs believed that once an area is used as a sacred space it is incredibly important and essential that it remains this way * The size of the space which was used for worship was not relevant as long as it was sacred and remained separate and was distinct to the other areas of the house * It is a common belief amongst the Aztecs that this sacred space needs to be present even if it is simple and basic. It must be respected regardless of the size. Identify the principal rituals and examine their significance for the individual and community * The loyalty, respect and even fear which was felt towards the Gods lead to the establishment of various rituals * The main rituals of the Aztec traditions are: Sacrificial Blood letting Deity impersonation Reenactment of myth * The Aztecs had 18 months in one cycle, and for each of the 18 months there was ritual sacrifice. The victim would be painted as a part of the ritual, they would be placed on a slab where their heart would be removed and held up to the sun. The body would be thrown down the stairs of the temple/pyramid. The body would be disposed in several ways including being fed to animals and it is even believed cannibalism took place amongst the Aztecs * Blood letting was a ritual amongst the Aztecs where people would cut themselves to offer their blood to the gods. Such blood-letting was tied to rank: the higher one was in social or priestly rank, the more blood one had to sacrifice * It was the role of priests or another elected individual would dress up and achieve the likeness of a specific deity. This individual would be the physical manifestation of the god until the inevitable end when the gods likeness had to be killed as the ultimate sacrifice under great circumstance and festivities * Similar to the impersonation of gods, the purpose of the reenactment of myth was to remind the Aztec community of the past mythical events but was also to perpetuate the word by spreading the important events of creation Explain the relationship between the religion and its society * The Aztec society was heavily related to the culture which was established. In many ways the Aztec culture was expressed in through their beliefs * The Aztec culture was incredibly creative and filled with rich and beautiful forms of art (music, tattoos, poetry). This art which they created linked to their beliefs and furthermore their unique tradition * The Aztec warfare is portrayed through their art and examples of this can be found in the form of paintings and pottery found in temples * Religion evidently played a large role in the Aztec culture. Many of their actions were linked to the deities. They were expected to work hard in order to please the gods and therefore keep the balance of the universe * The remains of temples are examples of how their lives were based around showing their dedication and lives towards their deities. The culture and way of life was based around keeping the gods content in order for their lives to be good Explain how the religion provides a distinct response to the search for meaning * As identified in the previous sections, the Aztecs have proven a culture which is unique through the way in which they conduct their rituals and way of life. The deep respect and honor the Aztecs have for their gods is an incredibly unique way of communicating their reason for being and search for meaning * In everything that they do they convey their love and dedication to pleasing the deities. It is evident through their religion and their culture it is very evident that their reason for existence is to please the gods * Many other traditions include similar bel iefs however for the Aztecs it provides their reason for being and the basis of their lives Identify the principal rituals and examine their significance for the individual and community: The Aztecs practice many rituals which are significant to their religious identity, and on a wider scale their culture. These forms of rituals explore and make the tradition unique and support and tie into the beliefs which are followed by the Aztecs. All the rituals are designed and performed in order to celebrate and honor the gods, and the world they have given to us. It is the central belief of the tradition that they exist to serve and show gratitude to the gods that placed them on this earth. The rituals which are common within the Aztec religion include blood –letting, human sacrifice, impersonation of deities and reenactment of myths. Even from the names of these rituals it is evident that the focus around the gods play a significant role. Blood-letting was the process by which elite individuals including community leaders and religious figures would cut themselves in front of a congregation. They would intentionally cut parts of their body usually their tongues and then collect the blood on paper and then burnt as an offering to the gods through the form of smoke. This was significant for the Aztecs as it demonstrated the strong connection the person performing the ritual had with the supernatural and gods. It was a way of showing respect to the higher beings. It was a way in which all individuals could be involved through joining as a community and observing a sacrificial practice. It was also integral because it provided as a form of maintaining political power and legitimizing the prominent social position of the chosen blood-letting figure. Human sacrifice was a ritual which the Aztecs are still known for today. This ritual required 5 priests to take the victim to the top of a temple where they would then tear the beating heart out of the body. This was because the gods required living human hearts for nourishment. The heart would be burnt and the corpse would be pushed down the stairs of the temple. Many people in the community would choose to impersonate deities and then died as a sacrifice to that particular god. Approximately 20,000 Aztecs were sacrificed each year and in comparison to other traditions at the same time this was incredibly high. This ritual was particularly significant to the Aztec religion because it was the most extreme form of sacrifice. Individuals in the Aztec community were chosen at random to be the sacrificial person and therefore each person needs to be prepared to do so. The beliefs of the tradition link to this ritual in the way that all people should be fully dedicated and show gratitude to the deities. As a community they were expected to respect this ritual and support the reasoning behind it. The reenactment of myths was a ritual where in which people in the community would gather together and reenact mythical stories of the deities. These reenactments were a special part within the community because they provided as reminder of the Aztecs of their creation story and their myths. The recreation of these myths ensured that the important events behind the religion were passed down through the generations. This is another way in which the community gathers in order to show their respect to their beliefs and furthermore show pride in their culture. It is clear to see that the Aztecs were a group of people who had a strong connection with their gods. They performed rituals that expressed the gratitude, which they had towards the gods. These rituals were a way in which individuals could convey their dedication to the higher beings.

Marketing Planning and Strategy (M7_1) Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy (M7_1) - Assignment Example This has the effect of cost reduction and improved productivity through learning and experience curve and overall increased market command from brand consistency. Most customers in all products in the world opt for a user friendly products and the car manufacturing industry is not an exceptional. In the car firms, comfort, safety, reliability and convenience rules the market. In that respect, Sync technology is a superb feature that is incorporating all the above stated factors plus many others that no any car firm in the globe can rival. It should therefore be noted that this is has given Ford a competitive edge above the others (Pride & Ferrell, 2012).Due to the increasing social economics adjustments in the society, women are rapidly joining the work force and they wield a lot of influence with their particular influence in the market for small car. The rising cost of fuel is also pushing people to go for the small cars as a cost cutting strategy and all these has made Ford invest in small cars hence greater market

"favourite university experience moment to date" Essay

"favourite university experience moment to date" - Essay Example one written by Socrates and the other one he had written in the late 1990s and the essence of liberties and inner human understanding (Alder et al 134). I produced my notebook and pen and started to write important points that came from him. One of the enduring lessons he told us during the lecture was that the inner self was an integral component of human existence that would lead us everywhere. Prof. Gregory advised the class to always strive for internal motivation when pursuing all human endeavours such as career and love. I always consider the most favourite because after that, I started working on a project of book writing that I had always postponed for a long time. Additionally, I started believing in myself because he told the class self-confidence and self-esteem were vital instruments of excellence in the world. Before he left, he posed to the class: who does not want to be

Fiji Water Essay Example for Free

Fiji Water Essay FIJI Water has recently been accused of greenwashing. Greenwashing is a term that is used to describe companies that mislead their consumers into believing that they are an environmentally safe company. With the threat of global warming due to greenhouse gases, many people have become extremely sensitive to companies that aren’t doing their part to keep the world a great place to live for thousands of years to come. This has caused problems for FIJI Water because their business is successful only if they are able to get consumers to buy their water even though they aren’t an environmentally friendly company. Fiji, an island located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, has to ship bottled water 5,500 miles to the United States, which produces 216,000,000 pounds of greenhouse gases per trip. This has a huge impact on the environment and therefore has led to many conservationists attacks due to FIJI Water’s claim to go carbon negative. FIJI Water promised to reduce their packaging by 20 percent per year, supply at least 50 percent of the energy used at its plants with renewable energy, optimized logistics and use more carbon-efficient transportations modes, restore degraded grasslands in Fiji, and support recycling programs for plastic bottles. They claimed that this would have a net reduction of carbon in the atmosphere, and used the slogan â€Å"every drop is green† to symbolize that their company wasn’t doing any harm to the environment. While they promised this and created a website to show that they were going carbon negative, there were no numbers to prove that they actually accomplished what they intended to do. I completely agree with the conservationists that they are greenwashing because it’s hard to believe that a company exporting 90 percent of their products to places that are thousands of miles away and emit a ton of greenhouse gases would be able to be carbon negative. Some companies don’t get caught for their greenwashing, but when it’s completely obvious it’s hard to fool customers, especially conservationists.

The Stresses of War Affecting the Characters in Regeneration and Journe

The Stresses of War Affecting the Characters in Regeneration and Journey's End 'Regeneration' is a fictional novel written by by Pat Barker. However, some of her characters in the novel like Owen and Sassoon did exist. The play 'Journeys End' is also fictional and all the characters are Sheriffs creation. 'Regeneration' is a serious and moving novel typical of war, as it shows war in a realistic way, whereas 'Journeys End' is full of black humour, in an attempt to make the play less morbid then it actually is. The writers are trying to achieve the views of the officers; they never actually saw mental ill health as serious as it was. They kept sending men back to war whether they had recovered or not. In the first chapter of 'Regeneration' we learn of the 'soldier's declaration' written by Sassoon. "I believe the war is being deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it". To other men in war this would be seen as "wrong and wimpish" because men weren't expected to do that, if you went to war you weren't seen as a coward. To Sassoon this declaration was the bravest thing he had ever done. For someone in war to write this they must have had enough and this shows the stress he was under. Barker could have used the declaration to portray her point on the futility of war. Another example of the stresses of war on Sassoon in the first chapter is when he throws away his medal for 'saving lives'. To receive a medal in war is widely regarded as a great honour to any man. Sassoon may have threw it away as he may feel that its ironic and degrading that he risks his and saves others lives, and all he gets in return is a medal. However, the beginning of 'Journey's End' is very different "he ca... ... learn of the death of Raleigh. Stanhope sits with him until he dies. Even though all of the soldiers are stressed about the war they still look after their men at times of need. This is in contrast with 'Regeneration' as Rivers looks after his men all throughout the novel, not just at times of need. "The point of the meeting is to protect the soldiers". In 'Regeneration' Burns leaves the hospital in an impulse, he doesn't know where he is going to go, or what he is going to do. His mental state is extremely fragile. Burns has desire for escape out of the hospital and away from human beings. This is in contrast with 'Journey's End' as Stanhope is ill but refuses to give up. "Young Stanhope goes on sticking it month in, month out". Considering all the stress that he is under, and how hard it must be, he is seen as being a bit of a hero to the audience.

Container Store’s Approach to Human Resource Management

The Fortune's list of 100 best companies to work for is a source of prestige to companies that are nominated by their employees as the best companies to work for. The Container Store which is a Dallas-based retail store emerged number 32 in the recently released 2009 Fortune list. One department to reckon with at Container Store is the human resource management which earned the company a position in the Fortune 100 best companies to work for in America. But just what is Container Store's approach to human resource management?This paper seeks to answer this question and offers conclusions about the human resource management approach used by the company. Analysis Container Store makes use of a flexible human resource structure. Their rules on employees are simple and flexible and the concept of a rulebook or manual for employees is not their way of managing people (Laabs, 2001). The company is interested in people's ability to be straight forward and eager to counter different situatio ns with flexibility and creativity.Unlike in the traditional HR system, Container Store makes use of managers and supervisors to promote motivation and staff retention since they are more closer to the employees (Laabs, 2001). There is great interaction between employees and managers in order to create freedom of expression. Even the founders Kip and Garret still frequent the store to interact with employees and help them out (Container Store, 2009).The company's employee development philosophy focuses on employee's talents and not titles letting employees make the best use of their abilities to benefit themselves and the company. Container Store puts great value on employees describing them as the greatest assets in the organization. Motivation and an enthusiastic environment are the factors that give its employees the desire to stay with the company for years (Container Store, 2009). Career development and training ensure well qualified staff for the company which is very keen on customer care.For motivation, great benefits for their employees including exceptional training, job security and attractive pay package are provided. A 40% discount on the company's merchandise, 401(k) retirement benefits, medical and dental plans for employees both full-time and part-time provide even more benefits for the employees (Container Store, 2009). From the above analysis, we can conclude that the human resource management at Container Store is employee oriented. It allows flexibility and is democratic in nature.More so it values success and the management recognizes that the employees are key to achieving this. Container Store is also keen on its employee's welfare and health. This kind of management style brings in positive outcomes in a company since the employees will often feel as contributors to the business growth. According to the vice president of operations, Beth Barret, flexibility gives employees a chance to participate in company decision making (Laabs, 2001) .This gives a sense of responsibility and is better off than using autocratic kind of management system. Allowing employees to be flexible rather than follow a certain set of laws is a motivating factor and plays a big role in defining productivity of employees. Container Store's dedication to employee motivation is a good quality in the human resource management which is aimed at encouraging employee commitment to the company. Employee benefits are a good way of not only retaining employees but also motivation which promotes productivity. ConclusionFlexibility and staff involvement in the business activities are emphasized as the key contributors of Container Store's success. The qualities of the human resource management approach used by Container Store gives a justification for why the employees nominated it as the best company to work with. Word Count: 606 References Container Store (2009). Careers for Great People. Retrieved on April 27, 2009 from www. containerstore. com Laabs , J. K. (2001). Thinking Outside the Box at The Container Store – Human Resource Management Awards. Workforce, March Issue.

Automatic Clothesline

Bulacan State University Sarmiento Campus â€Å"Automatic Clothesline† In partial fulfilment in research methodology Submitted by: Mark Cyrill R. Manzon BSIT-3B Submitted to: Mr. Pedro Abanador Instructor Submitted by: Mark Cyrill R. Manzon BSIT-3B Submitted to: Mr. Pedro Abanador Instructor CHAPTER I PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction In today’s present era of the technology was evolved more household choirs was converted to a modern ways. It was a long time ago that the people use a lot of efforts and dedication for their works even there’s a way to lessen their task every day.Automated Clothesline gives more opportunities the client or the user to give a convenience on their daily tasks. In this case study, I intend to conduct an intensive research that would help the people and let them in modern technology. In today’s present era of technology, the mobile sector has seen some of the biggest and most amazing breakthroughs in the technology industr y in the last few decades. It was not long ago that the notion of having a handheld device to communicate with others and access data on the go was the whim of sci-fi fans. Not so anymore.The arrival of smartphones ushered in a new era of intelligent innovation and unparalleled connectivity. Mobile  code division multiple access  (CDMA) technology has evolved rapidly over the past few years. Since the start of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-way  pager  to being a  mobile phone,  GPS navigation device, an embedded  web browser  and  instant messaging  client, and a  handheld game console. Many experts argue that the future of computer technology rests in  mobile computing  with  wireless networking (3G and 4G Networking).In this case study, I intend to conduct an intensive research that would hint the advantages of 3G and 4G networking in terms of mobile technology issue so that I would immensely stu dy about â€Å"Mobile technology†Ã‚  is the technology used for cellular communication. Mobile computing by way of tablet computers, cell phone is becoming more popular. Mobile technology is available on the 3G and 4G networks. Statement of the Problem General Problem: How does the mobile technology dominant and useful to operate the 3G and 4G Networks. Specific Problem: . How may mobile technology effectiveness be identified as: 2. 1 Portability to use in different places. 2. 2 Computer like abilities to store and retrieve files. 2. 3 Capability to access in internet. 2. 4 Price flexibility. 2. 5 Very useful apps for day to day routine. 2. What gigantic features 3G and 4G networks can provide to be dominant as: 3. 6 Wide variety of voice and data services. 3. 7 Operate on a core IP (Internet Protocol) network 3. 8 Ability to  support mobile rates of 100 Mbps, and fixed rates of 1Gbps. . 9   High-speed  packet  transmissions or burst traffic in the channels. 3. 10 Adv ancement of communication devices such (voice, text and video messaging). 3. 11 peer-to-peer  (P2P)  file sharing  applications Significance of the Study The importance of studying the 3G and 4G networking in mobile technology is how it promises to change the way users interact with resources and applications, moving services away from desktop and laptop computers and how would it be more suitable for the user in the coming year. Scope and LimitationThe purpose of the study is essentially in the development of the mobile technology and its 3G and 4G Networks. The same codes used in the  2G-3G  networks will be applied to future 4G mobile or wireless networks, the detection of very short bursts will be a serious problem due to their very poor partial correlation properties. Recent study has indicated that traditional multi-layer network architecture based on the  Open Systems Interconnection  (OSI) model may not be well suited for 4G mobile network, where transactions o f short packets will be the major part of the traffic in the channels.As the packets from different mobiles carry completely different channel characteristics, the receiver should execute all necessary  algorithms, such as channel estimation, interactions with all upper layers and so on, within a very short time to make the detections of each packet flawless and even to reduce the clutter of traffic. Method of the Study The respondent of the study will include programmer, developer, market analyst, mobile store owner, and mobile users. The study will be conducted from January to march 2013.

IB Bio lab report on photosynthesis Essays

IB Bio lab report on photosynthesis Essays IB Bio lab report on photosynthesis Paper IB Bio lab report on photosynthesis Paper Essay Topic: Synthesis This process takes place in he chloroplasts of plants, which include chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, since it absorbs the suns light. Green plants then use this light to combine CO and H2O for making sugars and oxygen. After this process Oxygen is being released though pores called stomata. The overall reaction can be expressed as follows; 61420 + CHIC 0 C,H2O, + 6021 There are four variables that affect the rate of photosynthesis; light intensity, temperature, CO and water. 2 However, is it possible to count in the color of light, too, which I am going to investigate in this lab. Since the photosynthesis sakes place in chloroplasts that has chlorophyll, the rate of photosynthesis can be affected by different colors of light, since the absorption of light changes within different colors. Research Question: What color of light is most effective on the rate of photosynthesis? Five different colored transparencies (red, green, yellow, blue, purple) are being used for changing the lights color. Within 5 minutes for each one of them, they will be used in order to see oxygen bubbles rising from a used water plant. The produced oxygen (in the form of bubbles) indicates the rate of photosynthesis ND is being measured by counting bubbles. The highest amount of oxygen bubbles being produced per minute is equivalent to the highest rate of photosynthesis, and the color providing the best circumstances for the production of photosynthesis. Hypothesis: Since Plants absorb green light, I expect the rate of photosynthesis to be the highest when red light is being used. This is due to the color spectrum, where one can say that red is the opposite color to green. Therefore, I expect red light to provide the most energy for the plant absorbing it. Variables: Variable Type Method Light intensity Controlled At the most intense level possible (770 lug) and a distance of CACM from the aquarium. Temperature of water At room temperature; adding colder water when temperature rises. PH level All solution has a pH of 7. Plant type and color Leaves of the same species; green Colored light Independent Changing colors with colored slides (yellow, blue, red, green, purple) in front of the light source. The rate of photosynthesis Dependent Changed by the color of light, collected with stop watch and counted by produced bubbles. Material: 2000 CM of water (-300 for every color + water for controlling variables) One lass/ glass cup One test tube One funnel 2-3 healthy water plants One thermometer Spotlight Five colored transparencies (blue, red, yellow, green, purple) Stopwatch One lug meter Proceed re: Before starting the experiment, the spotlight has to be placed at point on the table, 20 CM away from where the plant is to be set. Then the lug meter is to be taken for calculating the intensity of the spotlight onto the plant. Following this, the color transparencies will be set in front of the light and the resulting light intensity will be noted by placing the lug meter on the place where the plant is to be set. For each run, under-water cut leaves from the water plant are put carefully in the funnel, which small open end is put into the test tube. This all is to be done in the flask filled with the water provided for each run and is to be placed at the distance of 20 CM from the spotlight. 3 The water temperature is to be measured and to be kept constant at all time OIC). The first color transparency is then to be placed in front of the spotlight and the oxygen bubbles rising from the plants leaves are to be counted. After 11/2 minute, the first run of the first color is completed and following 4 runs have o be concluded the same way. In case the water temperature rises, cold water has to be added. The experiment then has to be repeated 4 more times with the different colored transparencies in the same way. (A procedure repeating each run 5 times, would be the best for minimizing errors that could occur, due to the ex. Rule. ) The collected data is noted on paper and will be processed to determine the rate of photosynthesis at every color. Data collection and raw processing: The experiment was carried out with the following order of colors: Run 1-5: Blue Run 6-10: Green Run 11-15: Yellow Run 16-20: Red Run 21-25: Purple Raw Data Qualitative Observations: Run 1-5: A high number of bubbles rose up Run 6-10: Almost no bubbles were being produced Run 11-15: Only a few bubbles rose up Run 16-20: A very large number of bubbles were being produced Run 21-25: Not too many bubbles were being produced by the plant * Until the first bubbles rose up, some time has had passed already; the observations are only being compared with the data processed by the plant being used in this experiment, not with those from others. Quantitative Data: Run Number of Oxygen bubbles being produced with Blue light Number of Oxygen bubbles being produced with Green light Number of Oxygen bubbles being produced with Yellow light Number of Oxygen bubbles being produced with Red light Number of Oxygen bubbles being produced with Purple light Run I(after 90 sec. )4 2 3 Run 2 (after 180 sec. ) 5 11 4 13 Run 3 (after 270 sec. ) 12 15 6 Run 4 (after 360 sec. ) 14 5 Run 5 (after 450 sec. ) For a better overview the diagram below represents the quantitative data provided. Processed Data: The collected data has to be processed. This will be done by calculating the mean values for all runs of each of the colors by using Excel. The results will be put in a table, as well as in a diagram for a better overview. Also, for finding out whether the collected data is reliable or not and how different the results are to the means, the standard deviation for all runs of the colors have to be calculated using the same method. 6 Green Yellow Red Purple Mean 10 2. 6 4. 4 Stand. Deep. . 82 0. 5 0. 96 Table providing the processed data Diagram providing the processed data for a better overview Conclusion After all data has been collected and processed, one can say that the stated hypothesis from the beginning of the lab report, which says that red is the lour that provides the best circumstances for the production of oxygen, is being supported by the observations and calculations made. The qualitative observations showed clearly, that the plant produced most oxygen un der red light. The calculations of the means demonstrated that even though blue and red light had similar effects on the plant, the red light was most effective. Further calculations of the standard deviation showed that the data is not highly spread, standing for valuable data that has been collected. Therefore it is to be concluded that the color providing best light for the production of oxygen and Hereford for the rate of photosynthesis is red, followed by blue. Furthermore, the data collected in this experiment is supported by sources and expectations from the B Biology curriculum (and others), which states conclusions about the color spectrum and the effect on plants absorbing the different wavelengths of colored lights. However, it is to be noted that the data being collected points out some significant differences, as well as similar numbers of oxygen being produced. This is probably due to the small protection of the light coming from the other sides onto the plant, which was not shielded and completely darkened except for the light coming from the spotlight.

T205_TMA02 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Economics D319B1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics D319B1 - Essay Example There are a great number of studies on wage rates and their distribution among workers with certain social and/or demographic characteristics. This essay proposes a theoretical framework and provides an analysis which predominantly complies with the existing literature. The author investigates the reasons behind the wage rates in the manufacturing sector in order to provide a forecast for the next decade. Today's picture of wage-rates in the manufacturing sector is determined by foreign markets' competition and the increased complexity of the jobs, which are moving away form the usual routine. Over the last few decades, the demand for workers in the manufacturing sector has increased. Employees with a high school diploma or less now face an increasingly sophisticated market in which new basic, physical and mechanical skills are required. The nature of low-skilled workers' jobs has changed due to the changes in labor market institutions. New technologies changed workplace organization and new types of goods and services were introduced. This led to unionization and improved organizational structure of the manufacturing industry. Topel (1993) defines several wage-rates determinants: immigration, education, inequality and female labor force participation, changes in product demand, international trade, and human capital investment. A study of Tachibanaki (1975), which covers twelve years (1958-1970), pays special attention to the influence of certain factors for wage-rate differentials. Tachibanaki's (1975) research uses major variables like sex (male or female), occupation, size of the firm, experience of the workers, age, working hours, bonuses, special payments. Tachibanaki (1975) agrees that the principal wage-rate differentials: differentials in education; racial and sexual discrimination; age; trade unions. The last two decades were marked by the constant growing globalization which has been proven to affect the demand on the manufacturing workers' market. This negative impact results in lower wages. According to Bogliacino (2009) there are two possible outcomes in terms of competition-limiting norms, depending on the time period (short run and medium run). Since this essay's goal is to provide a forecast for the future of wage-rates and their determinants, attention should be paid to the results on the mid-run, where "lower productivity growth is detrimental to wage growth" (Bogliacino, 2009). The question is, how does the process of globalization affect the bargaining power of workers in the manufacturing sector For the purposes of the essay SID (Sectoral Innovation Database) produced at the University of Urbino will be used. SID mixes data from several surveys regarding the economic performance of the EU countries. The unit of analysis comprises 21 industries belonging to manufacturing sector in the countries that comprise approx. 80 per cent of the European economy, namely France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Poland and Norway in the period between 1994 and 2006 (Table No.1). Table No. 1 Manufacturing industries included in the SID Industries NACE Food, drinks and