Socioeconomic Class and the History of South Africa :: African Africa History

Financial Class and the History of South Africa In any authentic record sexual orientation, race, financial class and a lot more issues are intently entwined. Truth be told, to attempt to isolate them would be difficult as well as a credible assignment on the grounds that the subsequent record, albeit maybe direct, would be, best case scenario just halfway. Notwithstanding, while thinking about the historical backdrop of Southern Africa, the most including record would be that of financial class. The thought processes behind the verifiable occasions of Southern Africa have been unequivocally financial, regardless of whether the intentions at that point evoked racial or sex based issues. In this way, in the event that one needed to pick an approach to see South African history, it ought to be financially. The inspiration for colonization was financial. It in the end turned out to be all the more monetarily productive for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to construct its own port than to keep exchanging with Africans on its approach to Eastern Asia (Ross, 21). Dealings among pilgrims and Africans depended on economics, regardless of whether the association was purchasing and selling cows and sheep or a contention over the measure of land that pioneers were taking from the Xhosa. For Africans, utilizing a lot of land for nibbling one’s steers was an image of high status since it implied that you had numerous dairy cattle to munch and that you could secure a lot of land (Ross, 22). The settler’s intrusion was a monetary blow. Likewise, the Great Trek was caused in light of the fact that Afrikaaners felt that they didn't have the financial status they wanted. Their property was being partitioned into little pieces, so they concluded it is smarter to go out and find other land than to keep on living as they were in the lower class. This was no mass development of the â€Å"Afrikaaner People,† yet just various little gatherings embarking to guarantee â€Å"free† land for themselves (Ross, 39). The wars between the Africans and Trekkers at these occasions were battled as the Africans understood that these individuals were coming to remain on their domain, and as the Trekkers understood that they would need to murder to keep the land they expected to make sure about riches (Ross, 40).

Constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act Essay

Defendability of the Affordable Care Act - Essay Example Lawfulness of the Affordable Care Act The U.S. Preeminent Court has proclaimed the defendability of the demonstration aside from a couple of sections that it announced to be â€Å"taxes† more than everything else. So my inquiry is â€Å"If there is a sketchy entry in the Affordable Care Act, how might it be pronounced sacred and reasonable for those concerned? The president proclaimed that he would not burden the working class Americans but then one of the punishments demonstrated inside Obamacare for the individuals who neglect to consent is referenced as a duty. How was it feasible for Congress to order another assessment inside another medicinal services strategy? †. This is an inquiry that I feel should be replied since Obamacare, as it must be prominently known, influences everybody living in the United States paying little heed to citizenship and residency status. In any case, the Affordable Care Act has had obscure beginnings and a rough beginning as a crusade guarantee of then competitor Obama to th e American individuals. By promising to give the individuals an extensive human services plan that will cover everyone living in this nation, he expected to concoct an arrangement that could really work for all concerned. His kin in Congress out together the Affordable Care Act under his direction and heading as a satisfaction of that guarantee. The issue is that the Affordable Care Act has gone under examination and legitimate difficulties from generally political and private gatherings who see the go about as a type of autocracy on the American individuals. ... With the lawful difficulties presented before the Affordable Care Act among the different states in the nation, and the state announcements that they would not institute such a legislature engaging law upon the residents of their express, the inquiry was then brought under the steady gaze of the Supreme Court whose legal agents concluded that the milestone March 2010 law had a larger part of arrangements that could be considered as lawful and was accordingly established in structure and substance. As per the U.S. Branch of Justice (2012) the Affordable Care Act is a , â€Å"... far reaching human services change law makes health care coverage reasonable for many Americans and secures them against conceivably disastrous clinical expenses.† By definition, the Affordable Care Act seems like it will at last clear up the issue of medicinal services inclusion for most Americans since the law will drive insurance agencies to cover the sicknesses of their approach holders and their fa mily indistinguishable without the wellbeing net of having the option to deny inclusion for specific diseases during specific circumstances, the individuals who restrict the law state that this specific vision of the administration relating to social insurance inclusion won't work on the grounds that the arrangement will constrain the insurance agencies to in the end shut down as they attempt to cover all prior conditions and ebb and flow states of their strategy holders paying little heed to organization rules. In any case, everybody has an unresolved issue with the way that the Affordable Care Act has an unmistakable arrangement that directs upon each American resident to buy medical coverage or take care of a punishment for not having any inclusion. The individuals who contradict the law guarantee this is an immediate infringement of the

Prevalence of Alcoholism in the United States

Prevalence of Alcoholism in the United States Addiction Alcohol Use Print Prevalence of Alcoholism in the United States By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on July 18, 2018 Michaela Begsteiger / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery How many Americans have an alcohol abuse disorder? Statistics can be gleaned from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and other sources about the prevalence of alcohol use, alcohol use disorders, underage drinking, alcohol-related conditions, and fatalities. It is not possible to determine the number of alcoholics in the United States because there is no official diagnosis of alcoholism. Since the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in May 2013, drinking problems have been diagnosed as alcohol abuse disorders, ranging in level from mild to moderate to severe. Even before then, in the DSM-IV, published in 1994, alcohol use disorders were broken down into two categories: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Alcohol Use Among people 18 years or older, an estimated 86.4% reported they had consumed alcohol at some point during their lives; 70.1%said they had a drink within the past 12 months and 56.0% said they drank alcohol within the past 30 days. Prevalence of Binge Drinking and Heavy Drinking An approximate 26.9% of all adults in the U.S. reported engaging in binge drinking in the past 30 days and 7.0% admitted to heavy drinking in the past month. For the NSDUH survey, binge drinking was defined as five or more drinking on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. Heavy drinking was defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on five or more days in the past 30 days. Alcohol Use Disorders An estimated 6.2% of adults over 18â€"about 15.1 million peopleâ€"had an alcohol use disorder. This included 9.8 million men and 5.3 million women, or 8.4% of all adult men and 4.2% of all adult women. Of the people with a drinking problem, only 6.7% received professional treatment for their alcohol use disorder in the past year from a facility specializing in alcohol treatment and rehabilitation. Breaking it down further, only 7.4% of men and 5.4% of women who needed help for an alcohol problem actually sought help for that problem. The prevalence of heavy drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol use disorders are highest among men aged 18 to 24, and men who are unemployed. Several studies have found that binge drinking was most common among non-Hispanics whites, those with some college education, and those with an annual family income $75,000 or more. In contrast, alcohol use disorders were most common among American Indians or Alaskan Natives, those having less than a high school education, and those with an annual family income of less than $25,000. Alcohol Use Disorders Among Youth Among youth ages 12 to 17, an estimated 623,000 had alcohol use disorders, including 325,000 females and 298,000 males. Among U.S. adolescents, 2.5% had already developed an alcohol use disorder. During the previous 12 months, only 5.2 % of those with a drinking problem received treatment in a rehab facility. Alcohol-Related Deaths Each year, an estimated 88,000 peopleâ€"62,000 men and 26,000 womenâ€"die from alcohol-related causes. This makes alcohol abuse the third leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. In 2014, there were 9,967 deaths attributed to alcohol-impaired driving. Prevalence of Underage Alcohol Use A CDC report from 2014 said that, among 15-year-old Americans, 35.1% reported having had at least one drink and about 22.7% reported drinking within the past 30 days. That included 23% of males and 22.5% of females. Among those from age 12 to age 20, 14.2%â€"about 5.4 millionâ€"reported binge drinking. That includes 15.8% of males and 12.4% of females. Approximately 3.7% of this age groupâ€"about 1.4 millionâ€"reported heavy drinking, including 4.6% of males and 2.7% of females. Prevalence of Alcohol Use Among College Students Among U.S. college students, 58.4% of full-time students ages 18 to 22 reported drinking alcohol in the past 30 days, compared to 50.6% of others the same age. An estimated 39% of college students reported binge drinking in the past month and 12.7% admitted to heavy drinking. All of these percentages are significantly higher for the same age group among non-college students.

Business Statistic - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2009 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI P E T RO NA S @t C OU R S E DATE TIME . GA B 2O13 B2133BUSINESS / SM STATISTTCS / QUANTITATIVE METHOD 27 MAY2008(TUESDAY) 2 . 3 0PM- 5. 30PM ( 3 hour s) INSTRUCTIONS CANDIDATES TO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Answer FIVE(5)outof SIX(6)questions theQuestion from Booklet. BeginEACHanswer a newpagein theAnswer on Booklet. lndicate clearly answers arecancelled,any. that if Whereapplicable, showclearly stepstakenin arriving the solutions at and indicate ALL assumptions. Do notopenthisQuestion Booklet until instructed. Note : ii. Thereare TWELVE(12)pagesin this Question Booklet including thecoverpage. Formula booklet be provided. will Univ er s j- t l Teknologi PETRONAS UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI P E T RO NA S @t C OU R S E DATE TIME GA B 2O13 82133. / SM BUSINESS STATISTICS / QUANTITATIVE METHOD 27 MAY2008(TUESDAY) 2 . 3 0PM- 5. 30PM ( 3 hour s) INSTRUCTIONS CANDIDATES TO 1. 2. 3. 4. Answer FIVE(5)outof SIX(6)questions theQuestion from Booklet. BeginEACHanswer a newpagein theA nswer on Booklet. lndicate clearly answers arecancelled,any. that if Whereapplicable, showclearly stepstakenin arriving the solutions at and indicate ALL assumptions. Do notopenthisQuestion Booklet until instructed. 5. Note : ii. Thereare TWELVE(12)pagesin this Question Booklet including thecoverpage. Formula booklet be provided. will Univ er s it l Teknologi PETRONAS a GAB2013/ B2133 SM Answerany FIVE(5) questions. ,r,/ I , ,/l / U_/ TABLE Ql reportsa frequency distribution mobilephone bills for a of sample 50 students Perakduringthe monthof April2008. of in T A BLEQl: M obile Phone Bills Amount(RM) 8 0 u p to 1 0 0 Frequency | | 3 100upto 120 1 2 0u p to 1 40 1 4 0 u p to 1 60 1 6 0u p to 1 80 1 8 0u p to 2 00 I | | | | 8 12 16 7 4 questions. Basedon the abovedata,answer following the i. phone th C a l cu l a te e me a nof the m obile bills. 3 marks] ii. the Calculate standard deviation. [3 marks] iii. Use the Empirical Ruleto estimate proportion billswithintwo the of standard deviations the mean. Whatare theselimits? of i o iV *i tzd tr, t3 marksl 2 , GAB2013/ B2133 SM t (i iv. According Chebyshev to Theorem leastwhat percent the bills at of w i l ll i e b e tw e e n M 101 and 180. 56? R . 84 [3 marks] v. Calculate rangeof the sample? the [2 marks] vi. youranswer. Whatis the mode? Interpret [2 marks] v i i. yo C o mp a re u r ca l culated ean and m ode. W hat conclusion m can you makewith regards the skewness? to [2 marksj viii. Whatis the probability a students will exceedRM 160? that bill [2 marks] L GAB2013/SM B2133 2. a. purchased typesof mutual An investor two fund namelylttikal Fund and lslamicDividend Fund. The objective was to achievesteady growth capital overthe medium longterm periodby investing a to in portfolio investments of that complywith ShariahPrinciples. The probabilitythat the funds will appreciate are 0. 7 and 0. 6 respectively. What is the probability bothfundswill appreciate that during the period? [2 marks] ii. What is the p robability that lttikalFund will appreciate but l sl a mi c i vi dend D Fundwillnot appr eciate ing per iod? ur the [3 marks] ilt . What is the probability that at least one of the funds will appreciate? [3 marks] b. UniPrestige classifies graduates FirstClass,SecondClass her as Upperand SecondClassLowerin the proportions 30 percent, of 50 percentand 20 percentrespectively. UniPrestige very proudof is their graduates employability. The probabilitya First Class g ra d u a te s u n e mployed m onthsafter gr aduation 0. 01, the i 3 is probability SecondClassUppergraduate unemployed months is 3 after graduation 0. 03 and the probability is SecondClass Lower g ra d u a te s u n e mployed m onthsafter gr aduation 0. 0. M r i 3 is Azman,a fresh graduate from UniPrestige unemployed is after 3 mo n th s f g ra d u a tion. o i. Wh a t i s th e pr obability that M r Azm an is a Fir st Class student? [4 marks] GAB 2013/SM B2133 ii. What is the probability that Mr Azman is a SecondClass U p p e r d ent? stu [4 marks] iii. What is the probability that Mr Azman is a SecondClass Lowerstudent? [4 marks] A GAB2013/SM B2133 Research has shownthat mostcar drivers are unableto ell the difference products PETRONAS Lubricant and the exclusive between brandsin the Nevertheless research has also suggested upperend marketsegments. dentify sampleone of these that 90%-of the car driverscan correctly a products. studyis conducted investigate matterand a sampleof to this A were selected. drivers 1! 9_car a. would be appropriate the above What probability distribution for youranswer. situation? Justify [2 marks] b. r G, wouldyou expect correctly How manyof the 15 drivers to identify PETRONAS brands othenlrise? or [2 marks] 10 Whatis the probability exactly of the drivers surveyed will the brand.? correctly identify PETRONAS [3 marks] c. d. Whatis the probability least10 of the drivers at surveyed will correctly identify PETRONAS the brands? 5 marks] you havedecided use Poisson probaL,ility to Suppose distribution to findthe probability the aboveproblem. for What is the probability at least 1 of the drivers surveyed will correctly identify the PETRONAS? [4 marks] wouldthe difference shouldyou decideto use How significant be Normal approximation part(e). in ( . hf, r h . [4 marks] 6fl =-ft e. l. -==-.. _/ i o ) GAB2013/SM B2133 4. According a recentsurvey, to Malaysians a meanof 7-hours sleep get of per night. A randomsampleof 50 students a publicuniversity at revealed the mean hours of sleep last night was 6 hours and 4g minutes(6. g hours). The standard deviation the sample of was 0. 9 hours. a. Statethe nulland alternate hypotheses. [2 marks] yourchoice the particular b. Justify for distribution used. [2 marks] c. Statethe decision rule,assuming s% significance a levelis used. [3 marks] d. Calculate valuefor the teststatistic. the [4 marks] e. ls it reasonable conclude to that students the particular at university sleeplessthanthe average Malaysian? [3 marks] f . ListFOUR(4) majorcharacteristics the t-distribution. of [6 marks] c GAB2013/SM B2133 5. a. A concern that usuallyariseswhen designing statistical a studyis to determining number itemsin the sample. sampleis too the of lf large,moneyis wastedcollecting data. Similarly the sampleis the if too small,the resulting conclusions be uncertain. THREE will List (3) factors determine sample the to size. [3 marks] h proportion to be within of Giventhat the estimate the population is plusor minus0. 10,with a 99 percent levelof confidence. best The proportion 0. 45. Determine sample estimate the population is of the sizerequired. [3 marks] farmwantsto estimate meannumber The ownerof a chicken the of A eggs laid per chicken. sampleof 20 chickens showsthey laid an average 20 eggs per monthwith a standard of deviation 2 eggs of per month i. . O^ v = LO S= A 2- meanif any? lf thereis none Whatis the valueof the population for whatis the bestestimate thisvalue? [3 marks] ii. interval, Fora 95 percen t confidence whatis the valueof ? [3 marks] ilt . Developthe 95 percentconfidence interval the population for me a n . [4 marks] iv. to Wouldit be reasonable conclude that the population mean is youranswer. 21 eggs? Justify [4 marks] t pt GAB2013/SM B2133 L i. o. a. at The Fridgehas six salesrepresentatives its lpoh outlet. Listed sold by each sales below is the number of refrigerators last representative month. Salesrepresentative TranAn Thu H o n gC h a o Anat Ratanapol T o n g ch a i idee Ja AntonHaig JackyTroy Num ber sold 52 (, 52 54 4B 50 50 L of How manysamples sizetwo are possible? [2 marks] ii. of the mean Selectall possible samples size two and compute n u mb e r l d . so [4 marks] ilt . the meansintoa frequency Organize sample distribution. [2 marks] lv. the mean of the population Calculate and the mean of the sa mp l e a n s. me [4 marks] Whatis the shapeof the population distribution? [2 marks] vt. Whatis the shapeof the distribution the samplemean? of [2 marks] q GA B2013/SM B2133 o. omputer, of The manufacturer eMachines,an economically-priced top the designfor a new laptop model. eMachines recently completed Two in the new laptop. wouldlike some assistance pricing management and asked to preparea pricing firms were contacted marketresearch tested the new eMachineslaptop with 150 Wee-Get-lt-Done strategy. a that they planto purchase who indicated consumers selected randomly laptop within the next year. The second marketingresearchfirm laptopwith 100 currentlaptop testedthe new eMachines Researchrus, will be test results research companies Whichof the marketing owners. hv. Discuss moreuseful? [4 marks] ENDOF PAPER 10 KEY FORMULAS Lind. Marchal. and Wathen StatisticalTechniques Business in and Economics, l3th edition CHAPTER 3 . Population mean . Softwarecoefficient skewness of ck= n p: . Sample mean, raw data ,_ . Weighted mean r . Geometric mean N I3-11 CHAPTER 5 (n-1)(n-2)Lz s | /Y- Y31 l Sl :- :l | | /l l4-31 . Special rule of addition n 13-21 . Complement rule P(A or B) : P(A) + P(B) I5-21 I5-31 IHl wr Xr + w2 X2 + . + wn xn w1 + w2 + + wn P (A =1-P (-A ) tHI . General rule of addition P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A and B) GM= V6JXJW-6) Geometric mean rate of increase n^ ,f Vluat end of period V Value at start of period . Range Range : Largestvalue Smallest value . Mean deviation t3-41 . S peci alrul e of mul ti pl i cati on P(A and B) = P(A)P(B) l5-5I [3-5] . Generalrul e of mul ti pl i cati on P(A and B) = P(A)P(B A) . B ayesTheorem IH1 tH1 P (A l l B ) : . Multiplication{ormula P ( A . I. P ( B l A i P(A) . P(BIA) + P(A) . P(B A2) Is-71 *;lx xl MD n . Population variance o , :2 ( X . Population standard deviation v) 2 t3-7) Total arrangemenls = (m)(n) . Number of permutations IH] IHl e: n . Number of combinations D! @-l l 5-eI t3-el . S a m p l e v a r ia n ce [3-10] - nl t1(n-r)t [5-1 0] CHAPTER 6 . Mean of a probabilitydistribution r, = ;[xP[v)] . Variance of a probabilitydistribution n-1 z= ) fi- X) z . Sample standard deviation 16-1I [3-11] Sample mean, grouped data ,, 2fM o:;l (x-p)P E )l . Binomial probability distribution P(x) = ,C,d(1 n)n-x l6-21 tHI :; Sample standard deviation,grouped data [3-12] . Mean of a binomial distribution p: nr tHl -r) o Varianceof a binomial distribution [3-13] o2:nn(l I6-51 CHAPTER 4 o Location of a percentile p Le-(n+1) . Pearsonscoefficientof skewness , 3 ( X M e d ia n ) q Hypergeometricprobabilitydistribution ePa;: GCJ(lv sc-) uCn tffi1 i0 0 L4-11 . Poisson probability distribution PF) : r;{a-ts IG. 7] 14-21 l1 CHAPTER 7 . Meanof a uniform distribution a+D a . Testinga mean, o unknown [7-1 ] . S t a n d a r dd e via tio no f a u n iform distribution _X p s/th . Test of hypothesis,one proportion z l-=;- = in( | T/ 1i- 11o-21 E4 . Uniform probability distribution 12 17-21 . Type ll error tlHl PE)= iI a x b b-a -l. Normal probability distribution t7-3I CHAPTEB 11 Irt , =X, o/rfn . Varianceof the distributionof difference in means t1o_a1 nd 0 elsewhere prvr _L i++l = gvzT . Standard normal value a:- o? -4 r 1 n1 n2 174l . Two-sampletest of means, known o X t-X z [1 1-1] 111-21 /-u [7-5] . Two-sampletest of proportions z= i CHAPTER 8 . Standard errorof mean ip,f n1 p) p,(1 p,) f [1 1-3] n2 -v G . z-value, p and o known 0 tB-11 . Pooled proporlion 1 -A t n:_ n1 + n2 [11-4j .=x-Y o/:,6 CHAPTER 9 . Confidence intervalfor p, with o known x* z a, 18-21 . Pooled variance ^) (n, 1)s! + (n, 1)s! nt+nz,2 1 11 -51 l$-11 . Two-sampletest of means, unknown but equal o . Confidence intervalfor p, o unknown n t fi r Sam nlp nr^n^ri;nn 11-â‚ ¬] te-21 . Two-sampletests of means, unknown and unequal o v- X n ,:++ . / a +: r flt n2 [1 1-7] l$-31 . Confidence intervalfor proportion ,- . ^ . Degreesof freedom for unequal variance test u/ Ftt-a n ,,_l ts1/ni + gl /n 112 (si/nl nt-1 , (si/n2) nz-1 tH1 . Pairedt test [11-8] . Sample size for estimating mean ( zo Y ,= F / . Sample size for proportion / 2 Ie-5] CHAPTER 12 . Testf or comparing variances two IH] ^2 [11-ej n p(j C H A P TER O 1 . Testing a mean, o known p)(= r/ -s! . Sum of squares,total Ltz-tJ ,= X -. ^ o/vG [1o-1 ] SStntal :s/Y-Y2 .G/ I t. -z) 1 ) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Statistic" essay for you Create order

The Appeal of Controversial Issues Essay Topics

The Appeal of Controversial Issues Essay Topics The Ultimate Controversial Issues Essay Topics Trick The goal in teaching a controversial subject isn't to sway students to an opinion or the other, but they might change the way that they feel after further discussion. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on various views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will permit you to select your own. Following are a few of the suggested sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to pick a great topic for their assignment. There are invariably a wide selection of opinions on the field of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on this issue. Attempt to acquire a simplified model which provides some information regarding the scenario. So, the choice of the topic is most important. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. Attempting to decide on a topic please be gentle and consider your audience. It should also be the one that gives the students enough to write on. Bear in mind the manner of the question you're answering and don't begin introducing new topics simply to pad out your answer. Picking a simple topic may prove to be an incorrect track because you may have difficulties finding credible sources to support your views. Top Controversial Issues Essay Topics Choices Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't challenging to discover. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. It's recommended that you just pick the topic that it is possible to deal with, for instance, if you're not t sketching the personality characteristics then you need to better not elect for it. Accordingly, to be able to make sure that you're choosin g from the easiest topics for research papers, choose a few ideas and carry every one of them through a collection of checks to see which is the ideal solution for you. In any organisation, the management utilizes statistical methods for making valid decisions on the grounds of factual data on the present operations. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. The dearth of excellent support sources will end in a decrease grade. In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's wise to use a 5-paragraph structure. Writing an essay or research paper can look like an intimidating task, but following a number of basic guidelines can help you better your writing and possibly your grades. Furthermore, do not forget that you'll also need to cite your resource sources in your essay. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. Argumentative research papers desire a bit of structure, unlike the typical essays. If it comes to write engineering essay for those students that are studying in electrical engineering school becomes confused since they are engineers and not the writers. Don't be worried if you don't have good writing skills because you always ought to seek the services of an expert to finish your assignment in time. English language classes usually demand a lot of writing. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. For your essay to be persuasive, it should be presented dependent on solid research. On the other hand, keep in mind that it can be offensive to someone. It doesn't need to be filled with great obstacles. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it.

Constraints in Popularising Debit Card Free Essays

string(43) " corner of the world is no more a problem\." A SUMMER PROJECT REPORT ON Constraints in Popularization of Bank of Baroda Debit Card By PRAVIN MANDORA [pic] STEVENS BUSINESS SCHOOL A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of MBA Program Submitted to Bank of Baroda Acknowledgement The completion of any task depends upon the co-operation, coordination and consolidated efforts of several resources of knowledge, energy, and time and above all the proper guidance of the experienced bankers. Therefore I approached this matter of Acknowledgement through these lines trying my best to give full credit where it deserves. I wish to express my gratitude to our institute, which has provided me the opportunity to fulfil the most cherished desire to reach my goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Constraints in Popularising Debit Card or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am thankful to all those who generously helped me to compile this project with their knowledge and expertise. Firstly I owe a great debt to, STEVENS BUSINESS SCHOOL for obliging the project, thus giving me chance to broaden my horizon and providing me all necessary resources in college to assist me in the project. Also I owe a great debt to Mr. B. N. Menon, Sr. Manager (IT) of Bank of Baroda who has been nominated as mentor for my project and also thankful to all staffs of BOB as well as Head Office of Bank of Baroda for providing me the necessary guidelines regarding the project, for helping me to track the first hand information and supporting me in the carrying out the project successfully. As well as reposing a belief in me, this was essential for the completion of this project. I express my sincere thanks to Mr. PRIYA KUMAR, Senior Manager (HRM) at Regional Office Bank of Baroda Ahmedabad for giving me the opportunity to choose this topic and the project. I would also like to thank all the persons for their contribution for shaping up of this project, which helped me directly or indirectly in completing this project. 2. Preface The project is prepared during the vocational training under taken on partial fulfillment of the course of â€Å"Master of Business Administration† Hence, this report is designed with the objective to gain practical knowledge. According to old saying there is a huge difference between â€Å"To say and to do†. To take theorical knowledge is important but it becomes more valuable when we apply it in the practice. So, there is a huge difference between theory practical. For filling this requirement training in Bank of Baroda is very practical exposure for me. This training provides golden opportunity for every student, for better understanding in a working environment in the organization. Hence, this report is designed with the objective to gain practical knowledge. Table of Context |Sr no. |Topic |Pg No. |1 |Indian Banking Industry |5 | |2 |Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector   |17 | |3 |History of BOB |19 | |4 |Personal Banking Services |27 | |5 |Debit Card |30 | |6 |Bank Of Baroda Debit Card |34 | |7 |SWOT Analysis |38 | |8 |Findings |41 | |9 |Research and development |59 | |10 |Learning |61 | |11 |Experience at Bank of Baroda |62 | |12 |Bibliography |63 | [pic] Indian banking industry Introduction to Indian Banking Industry The banking system remains, as always, the most dominant segment of the financial sector. Indian banks continue to build on their strengths under the re gulator’s watchful eye and hence, have emerged stronger. In the annual international ranking conducted by UK-based Brand Finance Plc, 18 Indian banks have been included in the Brand Finance ® Global Banking 500. In fact, State Bank of India (SBI), which is the first Indian bank to be ranked among the Top 50 banks in the world, has improved its position from 36th to 34th, as per the Brand Finance study released on February 1, 2011. The brand value of SBI has enhanced to US$ 1. 12 billion. ICICI Bank, the only other Indian bank in the top 100 club has improved its position with a brand value of US$ 2. 5 billion. Indian banks contributed 1. 7 per cent to the total global brand value at US$ 14. 74 billion and grew by 19 per cent in 2011, according to the study. Nationalized banks, as a group, accounted for 51. per cent of the aggregate deposits, while State Bank of India (SBI) and its associates accounted for 22. 5 per cent, according to Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) ‘Quarterly Statistics on Deposits and Credit of Scheduled Comm ercial Banks: September 2010’. The share of New private sector banks, Old private sector banks, Foreign banks and Regional Rural banks in aggregate deposits was 13. 5 per cent, 4. 5 per cent, 5. 2 per cent and 3. 1 per cent respectively. With respect to gross bank credit also, nationalized banks hold the highest share of 50. 9 per cent in the total bank credit, with SBI and its associates at 23. 1 per cent and New Private sector banks at 13. 7 per cent. Foreign banks, Old private sector banks and Regional Rural banks held relatively lower shares in the total bank credit with 5. 2 per cent, 4. 5 per cent and 2. 5 per cent respectively. The report also found that scheduled commercial bank offices (with deposits of US$ 2. 25 or more) accounted for 66. 2 per cent of the bank offices, 96. 6 per cent in terms of aggregate deposits and 93. 8 per cent in total bank credit. Bank loans registered a growth of 21. 38 per cent in 2010-11, while deposit growth stood at 15. 84 per cent, according to data released by RBI. Analysts and bankers said a growth rate of 18 per cent in deposits and 20 per cent in credit should be sustainable for banks in 2011-12. India’s foreign exchange reserves stood at US$ 308. billion as on April 8, 2011, according to the data in the weekly statistical supplement released by RBI. Indians who live and work abroad have remitted US$ 55 billion in 2010 as compared to US$ 49. 6 billion in 2009 and have topped the wo rld list in sending money back home, according to World Bank’s Migration and Remittances Fact book 2011. With online money transfer services provided by many banks becoming popular, remitting money from any corner of the world is no more a problem. You read "Constraints in Popularising Debit Card" in category "Essay examples" History of Indian Banking Industry Banking in India originated in the first decade of 18th century with The General Bank of India coming into existence in 1786. This was followed by Bank of Hindustan. Both these banks are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India being established as â€Å"The Bank of Bengal† in Calcutta in June 1806. A couple of decades later, foreign banks like Credit Lyonnais started their Calcutta operations in the 1850s. At that point of time, Calcutta was the most active trading port, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, and due to which banking activity took roots there and prospered. The first fully Indian owned bank was the Allahabad Bank, which was established in 1865. By the 1900s, the market expanded with the establishment of banks such as Punjab National Bank, in 1895 in Lahore and Bank of India, in 1906, in Mumbai – both of which were founded under private ownership. The Reserve Bank of India formally took on the responsibility of regulating the Indian banking sector from 1935. After India’s independence in 1947, the Reserve Bank was nationalized and given broader powers. Nationalization By the 1960s, the Indian banking industry has become an important tool to facilitate the development of the Indian economy. At the same time, it has emerged as a large employer, and a debate has ensued about the possibility to nationalize the banking industry. Indira Gandhi, the-then Prime Minister of India expressed the intention of the GOI in the annual conference of the All India Congress Meeting in a paper entitled â€Å"Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation. † The paper was received with positive enthusiasm. Thereafter, her move was swift and sudden, and the GOI issued an ordinance and nationalised the 14 largest commercial banks with effect from the midnight of July 19, 1969. Jayaprakash Narayan, a national leader of India, described the step as a â€Å"masterstroke of political sagacity. † Within two weeks of the issue of the ordinance, the Parliament passed the Banking Companies (Acquition and Transfer of Undertaking) Bill, and it received the presidential approval on 9th August, 1969. A second dose of nationalization of 6 more commercial banks followed in 1980. The stated reason for the nationalization was to give the government more control of credit delivery. With the second dose of nationalization, the GOI controlled around 91% of the banking business of India. After this, until the 1990s, the nationalized banks grew at a pace of around 4%, closer to the average growth rate of the Indian economy. Liberalization In the early 1990s the then Narasimha Rao government embarked on a policy of liberalization and gave licenses to a small number of private banks, which came to be known as New Generation tech-savvy banks, which included banks such as UTI Bank (now re-named as Axis Bank) (the first of such new generation banks to be set up), ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank. This move, along with the rapid growth in the economy of India, kick started the banking sector in India, which has seen rapid growth with strong contribution from all the three sectors of banks, namely, government banks, private banks and foreign banks. The next stage for the Indian banking has been setup with the proposed relaxation in the norms for Foreign Direct Investment, where all Foreign Investors in banks may be given voting rights which could exceed the present cap of 10%,at present it has gone up to 49% with some restrictions. The new policy shook the Banking sector in India completely. Bankers, till this time, were used to the 4-6-4 method (Borrow at 4%; Lend at 6%; Go home at 4%) of functioning. The new wave ushered in a modern outlook and tech-savvy methods of working for traditional banks. All this led to the retail boom in India. People not just demanded more from their banks but also received more. Current Situation Currently (2007), banking in India is generally fairly mature in terms of supply, product range and reach-even though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign banks. In terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets relative to other banks in comparable economies in its region. The Reserve Bank of India is an autonomous body, with minimal pressure from the government. The stated policy of the Bank on the Indian Rupee is to manage volatility but without any fixed exchange rate-and this has mostly been true. With the growth in the Indian economy expected to be strong for quite some time-especially in its services sector-the demand for banking services, especially retail banking, mortgages and investment services are expected to be strong. One may also expect M, takeovers, and asset sales. In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank (a private sector bank) to 10%. This is the first time an investor has been allowed to hold more than 5% in a private sector bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any stake exceeding 5% in the private sector banks would need to be vetted by them. Currently, India has 88 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) – 28 public sector banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 29 private banks (these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges) and 31 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs. According to a report by ICRA Limited, a rating agency, the public sector banks hold over 75 percent of total assets of the banking industry, with the private and foreign banks holding 18. 2% and 6. 5% respectively. Growth of Indian banking industry The growth in the Indian Banking Industry has been more qualitative than quantitative and it is expected to remain the same in the coming years. Based on the projections made in the â€Å"India Vision 2020† prepared by the Planning Commission and the Draft 10th Plan, the report forecasts that the pace of expansion in the balance-sheets of banks is likely to decelerate. | | The total assets of all scheduled commercial banks by end-March 2010 are estimated at  Rs. 40, 90,000 crores. That will comprise about 65 per cent of GDP at current market prices as compared to 67 per cent in 2002-03. Bank assets are expected to grow at an annual composite rate of 13. 4 per cent during the rest of the decade as against the growth rate of 16. 7 per cent that existed between 1994-95 and 2002-03. It is expected that there will be large additions to the capital base and reserves on the liability side. The Indian Banking Industry can be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks constitute of commercial banks and co-operative banks. There are about 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread across India. As far as the present scenario is concerned the Banking Industry in India is going through a transitional phase. The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks are making tremendous progress. They are leaders in Internet banking, mobile banking, phone banking, ATMs. As far as foreign banks are concerned they are likely to succeed in the Indian Banking Industry. Types of Banks The operations of all the banks in India are controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. All the Indian banks are governed by the RBI or Reserve Bank of India. This governing body took over the reasonability of formally regulating the Indian banks in 1935. The Reserve Bank of India was announced as the official Central Banking Authority for the smooth supervision of the banking industry in India. Banks in India are classified into 2 broad categories namely, Public sector banks and Private sector banks. The banking scenario in India has already gained momentum, with the domestic and international banks gathering pace. All the banks in India are following the ‘cost’, determined by revenue minus profit model. This means that all the resources should be used efficiently to improve the productivity and ensure a win-win situation. To survive in the long run, it is essential to focus on cost saving. Previously, banks focused on the ‘revenue’ model which is equal to cost plus profit. Post the banking reforms, banks shifted their approach to the ‘profit’ model, which meant that banks aimed at higher profit maximization. The  History of banking  in India dates back to the early half of the 18th century. 3 Presidency Banks that were established in the country namely the Bank of Hindustan, Bank of Madras and Bank of Bombay can also be referred to as some of the oldest banking institutions in the country. The State Bank of India that was earlier known as the Bank of Bengal is also one of the oldest in the genre. To know about the types of banks in India, it is necessary that we first comprehend the banking system so as to be able to distinguish about its various types. All  types of Banks in India  are regulated and the activities monitored by a standard bank called the Reserve Bank of India that stands at the apex of the banking structure. It is also called the Central Bank, as major banking decisions are taken at this level. The other types of banks in India are placed below this bank in the hierarchy. The major types of banks in India are as follows: [pic] Public sector banks in India All government owned banks fall in this variety. Besides the Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India and its associate banks and about 20 nationalized banks, all comprises of the public sector banks. Many of the regional rural banks that are funded by the government banks can also be clubbed in this genre. Banks such as State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Syndicate Bank and Canara Bank are known as Public sector banks. Public sector banks are controlled and managed by the Government of India. Public sector banks have been serving the nation for over centuries and are well known for their affordable and quality services. The banking sector in India is mostly dominated by the Public sector banks. The Public sector banks in India alone account for about 75 percent of the total advances in the Indian banking industry. Public sector banks have shown remarkable growth over the last five four decades. Allahabad Bank was the first fully owned Indian bank. It was founded in the year 1865. Private sector banks in India A new wave in the banking industry came about with the private sector banks in India. With policies on liberalization being generously taken up, these private banks were established in the country that also contributed heavily towards the growth of the economy and also offering numerous services to its customers. Some of the most popular banks in this genre are: Axis Bank, Bank of Rajasthan, Catholic Syrian Bank, Federal Bank, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, ING Vysya Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank and SBI Commercial and International Bank. The Foreign Banks in India like HSBC, Citibank, and Standard Chartered bank etc can also be clubbed here. Private Banks are banks like HDFC bank, ICICI Bank, UTI bank and IDBI bank. The concept of private banking was introduced about 15 years ago. These are the banks that do not have any government stakes. Private Banks have gained quite a strong foothold in the Indian banking industry over the last few years especially because of optimum use of technology. The Private Banks are accountable for a share of 18. 2 percent of the Indian banking industry. IndusInd Bank was the first private bank in India. Currently the bank is among the fastest growing Bank Private Banks in the country. IDBI which is ranked as the tenth largest global development bank is counted as one of the finest financial institutions in the subcontinent. List of Public sector and Private sector banks in India Public Sector Banks |Private Sector Banks | |Bank of Baroda |Bank of Rajasthan | |Allahabad Bank |Catholic Syrian Bank | |Central Bank of India |Bank of Punjab | |State Bank of Patiala |Dhanlakshmi Bank | |Andhra Bank |HDFC Bank | |Canara Bank |Karur Vysya Bank | |State Bank of Hyderabad |I NG Vysya Bank | |Oriental Bank of Commerce |Laxmi Vilas Bank | |Dena Bank |Karnataka Bank | |State Bank of Mysore |South Indian Bank | |State Bank of Indore |United Western Bank | |UCO Bank |UTI Bank | |Vijaya Bank |Centurion Bank | |Syndicate Bank |City Union Bank | |State Bank of India |Development Credit Bank | |Bank of India |Federal Bank |Corporation Bank |ICICI Bank | |Indian Bank |IndusInd Bank | |Union Bank of India |Jammu Kashmir Bank | |Punjab National Bank- | | |State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur | | |State Bank of Travancore | | |Bank of Baroda | | Comparison between Private and Public Sector Banks The Private sector banks introduced the concept of online banking in India. This was mostly because the private banks were technologically well equipped. Online banking is extremely common today since you can sit anywhere and go ahead with your banking transactions. You do not have to personally visit your bank. The Private sector banks were using state of the art technology and fully computerized systems since the time they entered the Indian market whereas the Public sector banks were not. However despite the technological challenges the public sector banks in India are still the preferred destinations for many as they are considered as safer options for money deposit. Cooperative banks in India With the aim to specifically cater to the rural population, the cooperative banks in India were set up through the country. Issues like agricultural credit and the likes are taken care of by these banks. Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector In the five decades since independence, the Indian banking system has evolved through four distinct phases. The major reform took place in the fourth phase, with the recommendations of Narasimham Committee (1991). The important initiatives that were introduced were the provisioning and capital adequacy, deregulation of interest rates and easing of norms to enter the banking sector. Further, the merger and acquisition in the sector will add a new growth dimension, as it would create 3 -4 global sized banks. The presence of these banks will help the country to attract foreign direct investments, which in turn will drive the future growth in the Indian Banking sector. The report titled ‘Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector’ provides a crisp and comprehensive analysis of the current status and overall growth prospects of the Indian banking industry. The report provides an insight into the use of Information Technology in the sector and the impact of the Union Budget 2010-11 on the growth of the sector. The research presents a detailed PEST analysis of the industry which is substantiated with key findings. The report aims to investigate the opportunities that have been created in the industry in the areas of pension fund, rural banking and e banking. Moreover, the research also explains the impact of the Basel 3 norms on the functioning of the Indian Banks. ‘Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector’ is an outcome of comprehensive research and analysis of the Indian Banking sector. The team has also mapped the competitive landscape of the sector and tried to shed light on the operations/strategies of the key players. Thus, the information available in the report is expected to enable the target audience in understanding the contemporary industry scenario. Key findings in the report include: The Indian banking industry has been able to sustain the global economic crisis much better than other developing countries due to its robust capital structure. The implementation of Basel 3 norms will make it more immune to crisis and will guard the banking industry against market ris k, interest rate risk and operational risk. Moreover, the creation of capital buffer will provide a cushion for periods of stress and will not lead to situations of insolvency. †¢ In a major move, undertaken by RBI to elevate financial inclusion in the country, additional branch licenses will be granted to private sector banks and NBFCs. This will further assist to ease the entry norms in the industry and attract new players. Additionally, the setting up of new branches will help in extending banking products and services to remote areas of the country. †¢ A paradigm shift in the banking system has been witnessed with the use of information technology for implementation of total banking automation. Various software companies are launching software application packages for banks. For instance, Infosys has rolled out Finnacle which a core banking software, designed to offer solutions for e banking, CRM for requirements of retail, corporate and universal banking and core banking. Moreover, with the introduction of interbank mobile payment service by The National Payment Corporation of India, the retail customers can now avail 24*7 fund transfers. History of Bank of Baroda[pic] [pic] About Bank of Baroda A saga of vision and enterprise It has been a long and eventful journey of almost a century across 25 countries. Starting in 1908 from a small building in Baroda to its new hi-rise and hi-tech Baroda Corporate Centre in Mumbai, is a saga of vision, enterprise, financial prudence and corporate governance. It is a story scripted in corporate wisdom and social pride. It is a story crafted in private capital, princely patronage and state ownership. It is a story of ordinary bankers and their extraordinary contribution in the ascent of Bank of Baroda to the formidable heights of corporate glory. It is a story that needs to be shared with all those millions of people – customers, stakeholders, employees the public at large – who in ample measure, have contributed to the making of an institution. Our mission statement To be a top ranking National Bank of International Standards committed to augmenting stake holders’ value through concern, care and competence. Our Logo Our new logo is a unique representation of a universal symbol. It comprises dual ‘B’ letterforms that hold the rays of the rising sun. We call this the Baroda Sun. The sun is an excellent representation of what our bank stands for. It is the single most powerful source of light and energy – its far reaching rays dispel darkness to illuminate everything they touch. At Bank of Baroda, we seek to be the source that will help all our stakeholders realise their goals. To our customers, we seek to be a one-stop, reliable partner who will help them address different financial needs. To our employees, we offer rewarding careers and to our investors and business partners, maximum return on their investment. The single-colour, compelling vermillion palette has been carefully chosen, for its distinctiveness as it stands for hope and energy. We also recognize that our bank is characterized by diversity. Our network of branches spans geographical and cultural boundaries and rural-urban divides. Our customers come from a wide spectrum of industries and backgrounds. The Baroda Sun is a fitting face for our brand because it is a universal symbol of dynamism and optimism – it is meaningful for our many audiences and easily decoded by all. Our new corporate brand identity is much more than a cosmetic change. It is a signal that we recognize and are prepared for new business paradigms in a globalised world. At the same time, we will always stay in touch with our heritage and enduring relationships on which our bank is founded. By adopting a symbol as simple and powerful as the Baroda Sun, we hope to communicate both. The Heritage It all started with a visionary Maharaja’s uncanny foresight into the future of trade and enterprising in his country. On 20th July 1908, under the Companies Act of 1897, and with a paid up capital of Rs 10 Lacs started the legend that has now translated into a strong, trustworthy financial body,  THE BANK OF BARODA. It has been a wisely orchestrated growth, involving corporate wisdom, social pride and the vision of helping others grow, and growing itself in turn. The founder,  Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad, with his insight into the future, saw â€Å"a bank of this nature will prove a beneficial agency for lending, transmission, and deposit of money and will be a powerful factor in the development of art, industries and commerce of the State and adjoining territories. † The Ethics Between 1913 and 1917, as many as 87 banks failed in India. Bank of Baroda survived the crisis, mainly due to its honest and prudent leadership. This financial integrity, business prudence, caution and an abiding care and concern for the hard earned savings of hard working people, were to become the central philosophy around which business decisions would be effected. This cardinal philosophy was over years of its existence, to become its biggest asset. It ensured that the Bank survived the Great War years. It ensured survival during the Great Depression. Even while big names were dragged into the Stock Market scam and the Capital Market scam, the Bank of Baroda continued its triumphant march along the best ethical practices. The Heroes No history is complete without mention of its heroes, mostly ordinary people, who turn in extra-ordinary performances and contribute to building an institution. Over the years, there have been thousands of such people. The Bank salutes these â€Å"unknown soldiers† who passionately helped to create the legend of Bank of Baroda. There were also the leaders, both corporate and royal, who provided the vision and guided the Bank through trail blazing years, and departing, left behind footprints on the sands of time. This Roll of Honor will be incomplete without mention of men, of the stature of  Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad, Sampatrao Gaekwad, Ralph Whitenack, Vithaldas Thakersey, Tulsidas Kilachand and NM Chokshi. Bank of Baroda salutes these leaders whose vision helped to create an institution. Offices and branches [pic] [pic] Shower of Awards Accolades On Bank Of Baroda ? Bank of Baroda receives Skoch Award ? Bank of Baroda bags Bank of the year 2010 (for India) ? Bank of Baroda has bagged three awards from Association of Business Communicators of India in an award function held at Mumbai. ? Bank of Baroda has been conferred upon Best Bank 2010 award by the prestigious financial magazine, Business India in recognition of its consistent performance ? Bank of Baroda has been conferred upon Silver Award by Dainik Bhaskar group (DNA) ? Bank of Baroda has been awarded with prestigious Dalal Street- DSIJ PSU Award. ? CMD Shri M. D. Mallya is seen receiving the Skoch Challenger Award from Dr. C. Rangarajan, Hon’ble Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister. ? Association of Business Communicators of India gives awards every year in various categories of Business Communication. Bank of Baroda got the Gold Trophy for the Indian Language Publication, Silver Trophy for the Corporate Website of the Bank, Bronze trophy for Bilingual Internal Magazine and CMD’s message. The Awards were received by Smt. Vindhya Ramesh, Dy. General Manager along with team members in an award function held in Mumbai. ? Shri Nandan Srivastava, General Manager in-charge (Official Language) receiving the   prestigious Millennium National Rajbhasha Shield constituted by National Hindi Academy Bank of Baroda has been conferred â€Å"Bank of the year† Award at India Leadership Conclave held in Delhi. ? Bank has won award for the leading Public Sector Bank in â€Å"Global Business Development† category at the Dun Bradstreet Banking Awards 2009, held in Mumbai, o n wednesday 18th February 2009. Journey from 1908 to 2009: 1908-1958 ? 1908: Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III set up Bank of Baroda (BOB). ? 1910: BOB established its first branch in Ahmadabad. ? 1953: BOB established a branch in Mombasa and another in Kampala. ? 1954: BOB opened a branch in Nairobi. ? 1956: BOB opened a branch in Dar-es-Salaam. ? 1957: BOB established a branch in London. ? 1959: BOB acquired Hind Bank. 1960s-1970 1961: Merger of New Citizen Bank of India with BOB helped it increase its branch network in Maharashtra. ? BOB also opened a branch in Fiji ? 1962: BOB opened a branch in Mauritius. ? 1963: BOB acquired Surat Banking Corporation in Surat, Gujarat. ? 1964: BOB acquired two banks, Umbergaon People’s Bank in southern Gujarat and Tamil Nadu Central Bank in Tamil Nadu state. ? 1964: BOB lost its branch in Narayanjanj (East Pakistan) due to the Indo-Pakistan war. It is unclear when BOB had opened the branch. ? 1965: BOB opened a branch in Guyana. ? 1967: Th e Tanzanian government nationalized BOB’s three branches there and transferred their operations to the Tanzanian government-owned National Banking Corporation. 1969: The Government of India nationalized 14 top banks, including BOB. BOB incorporated its operations in Uganda as a 51% subsidiary, with the government owning the rest. 2000s ? 2000: BOB established Bank of Baroda (Botswana). ? 2002: BOB acquired Benares State Bank in Benares at the Reserve Bank of India’s request. ? 2002: Bank of Baroda (Uganda) was listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE). ? 2003: BOB opened an OBU in Mumbai. ? 2004: BOB acquired the failed Gujarat Local Area Bank, and returned to Tanzania by establishing a subsidiary in Dar-es-Salaam. ? BOB also opened a representative office each in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and Guangdong, PRC. 2005: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has approved a joint venture between BOB, Bank of Maharashtra (BOM), and Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) to set up a ban k in Malaysia. The new bank will reside in Kuala Lumpur, which has a large population of Indians. The initial capital required will be US$78 million; BOB will invest 40%, and the other two banks will invest 30% each. The JV is awaiting approval from the Malaysian Central Bank. Bank has built and commissioned its own State-of-the-Art Global Data Centre (DC) in Mumbai for running its centralized banking solution(CBS) and other applications in 1900+ branches across India and 20 other counties where the Bank is operating. ? BOB also opened a representative office in Thailand. ? 2006: BOB established an Offshore Banking Unit (OBU) in Singapore. 2007: In its centenary year, BOB’s total business crossed 2. 09 lakh crores, its branches crossed 1000, and its global customer base 29 million people. ? 2008: BOB opened a branch in Guangzhou, China (02/08/2008). ? 2009: Bank of Baroda registered with the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, enabling it to trade as a bank in New Zealand (2009/09/0 1) Personal Banking Services Bank of Baroda  believes in the strength and integrity of relationships built with its customers like you. With over 102 years of experience in the banking industry and a wide network of over 3412 branches  all over the country, we have always been active in extending financial support and adapting to your changing needs. Bank’s  Deposit Products,  Retail Loans,  Credit Cards  and  Debit Cards  help you with your growing financial needs. With facilities like  Lockers  we ensure that your valuables are safe with us. BOB’s countrywide branches offer convenience and ease in operating one’s account wherever they are. BOB’s 24-hour ATMs enable to withdraw cash, check account balance and request for a new cheque book even after banking hours. Faster technology for better service Baroda Internet Banking / Baroda Mobile Banking, our latest Internet and Mobile banking initiatives enable you to operate your account just as you would in any of our branches. You can through the Internet check your balance, request for cheque books and print account details. Choose from our various products and services, that we sincerely feel will put a smile on your face; an investment we would like to bank on forever. | | | | Deposits Bank of Baroda  offers various deposit plans that you can choose from depending on the term period, nature of deposit and its unique saving and withdrawal features. Apart from competitive interest rates and convenient withdrawal options, BOB’s deposit plans offer other features such as overdraft facility, outstation cheque collections, safe deposit lockers, ATM’s etc. Choose from  Fixed,  Current  and  Savings  Deposit plans. Fixed deposits are categorized into deposits with a term period of less than 12 months, more than 12 months and recurring deposits. These deposit plans offer convenient solutions to both working individuals as well as senior citizens. Current and saving deposits are ideal for individuals who wish to take advantage of multiple benefits within the same plan and even be eligible to opt for overdrafts. Deposit Products Services Fixed Current Saving Gen Next Services Gen- Next Junior Gen- Next Life style Gen- Next Power Gen- Next Suvidha Retail Loans A wide range of solutions for your financial needs Bank of Baroda  offers a wide range of retail loans to meet your diverse needs. Whether the need is for a new house, child’s education, purchase of a new car or home appliances, BOB’s unique and need specific loans will enable his/her to convert dreams to realities. Products Home Loan | |Home Improvement Loan | |Loan Against Future Rent Receivables | |Advance Against Securities | |Baroda Career Development Loan | |Two Wheeler Loan | |Traders Loan | |Baroda Ashray | |Home Loan TO NRIs/PIOs | |Mortgag e Loan | |Education Loan | |Auto Loan | |Loan To Doctors | |Personal Loan | | | | | | | | | |Debit Card | |The  Bank of Baroda International Debit Card  is accepted at over  50000 Visa Electron ATMs in India and 1000000 ATMs worldwide. The | |card is also accepted at any 350000 merchant outlets in India and around 29 millions globally. The card enables you to enjoy the | |convenience of cash-less purchasing power without the fear of overdrawing your account | |Key Benefits and Features | |ATM daily cash withdrawal limit Rs: 25,000 (per transaction limit Rs. 15,000) and Point of Sales (POS) daily limit Rs. 50,000. | |Take advantage of the most widely accepted card and be able to withdraw from any ATM displaying the VISA logo, in India and | |abroad. | |At VISA Electron merchant shops, it can also serve as your electronic purse, and money gets debited instantly from your account, | |as you pay. | |The Card allows you to get mini-statements from Bank of Baroda ATMs, or to check the balance in your account, avoiding visits to | |even our nearest branches. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |What’s a Debit Card? | |A debit card is issued to an account and card holder uses the card the debit transaction is directly affected to his/her account | |to the extent of balance available. Whereas in credit card there is no need of account but a credit limited is granted up to which| |one can spend. | |How Does a Debit Card Work? | |When you use a debit card, the linked account is checked for the balance availability and the transaction debits (withdraws) the | |amount from the linked account, immediately. You can use a debit card to get cash from  ATM machines  or have it swiped like a | |credit card at shops or restaurants or swipe it through a pay phone to make a call. | |Making a Travel Budget With a Debit Card | |Naturally, you can’t rely on your debit card for all your international transactions – imagine haggling with a street vendor, | |getting the price right and then trying to give him/her plastic! Remote hostels and many restaurants in third world countries | |don’t accept credit cards (which is how debit cards are viewed in the business world). Thus, you’ll need to make budget plans | |before you leave home so that you have traveler’s checks and cash  and  some money in your checking account for use on your debit | |card. | |Let’s assume you have a budget of $2000 for your trip. Decide how you’re comfortable splitting that into the way you’ll use it; | |$100 in traveler’s checks (although travelers’ checks are dead as disco, because carrying them is a pain on several levels — | |we’ve had banks in other countries refuse to cash them, we’ve lost them, etc. and so on), $400 in cash and $1500 left in your | |checking account, for example — that’s $1500 on your debit card. | |If that $2000 represents your entire cash portfolio, consider setting up emergency precautions before you leave home. If someone, | |like Dad, is willing to loan you money, leave deposit slips with him so that if you spend all your money abroad, you can dial for | |dollars (using your debit card) and he can get some money into your account. If your debit card (your checking account) is almost | |empty, ask him to tell the bank to â€Å"memo post† the deposit so that the cash is immediately available and your debit card is | |quickly back in business. | |How to Get a Debit Card | |Chances are you were automatically offered a debit card when you opened your checking account. If you don’t have a checking | |account, go open one now. Look for a bank that doesn’t charge checking account fees, and ask for a debit card. | |It takes a few days to two weeks to get a debit card after you order it. When the card arrives, sign the back; have photo id with | |your signature handy when you use the card – merchants may want to compare your face and your signatures to protect themselves | |from fraud. | |How to Choose a Debit Card PIN Number | |Your debit card comes with a PIN (personal identification number) which can be changed to a number you can easily remember. | |Memorize it; if you have to write it down, keep that separate from your card. Don’t choose an obvious number, like your birthday, | |in order to lessen the chances of someone else being able to guess your PIN number if they come into possession of your card. | | | | | |If You Lose Your Debit Card†¦ | |If your card is lost or stolen, call your bank a sap (Skype’s a good, cheap choice for international calls from anywhere you can | |find a computer) before someone else spends your money. Write down your bank’s number before you leave home and keep it in a | |couple of places – your journal, your guidebook. Set up an  international snail mail address before you leave home so your bank can| |send you a different card if yours does get lost or stolen. | | | | | | |When to Use Your Debit Card | |Debit cards are handy when making a long distance room reservation or any internet reservation, including plane tickets. You can’t| |use a debit card just like a credit card when renting a car – the companies require a ma jor credit card, which offer a certain | |amount of insurance in case you have a fender bender. |About Debit Card Fees and Overseas Transaction Fees | |International ATM machines will charge a fee  when you use your debit card; the amount is determined by the ATM owner. Most fees | |are under $5 — a notice on the ATM machine will tell you what the fee is. More than $2 is too much — look for another ATM | |machine. | |The real fee problem with a debit card comes from your own bank — the card issuer may charge you up to 3 percent for a foreign | |transaction, including an ATM withdrawal. Call your bank long before you go — if you don’t like the fee, call around and ask what| |other banks are charging for foreign transactions made with a debit card; be sure to ask what, if any, fees the bank will charge | |for an ATM withdrawal made on foreign soil, even at an â€Å"international bank. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Bank Of Baroda Debit Card | |What is a debit card? | |Debit Card is an electronic purse, which allows the holder to withdraw cash from ATMs and also enables him to purchase goods or | |services from the member establishments. Debit Cards are mostly issued in collaboration either with VISA or MASTER Card. | |What is Bank of Baroda’s Debit Card? | |Bank is issuing globally accepted Debit Card in association with VISA, which will be the easiest way to access customer’s account. |A debit card will allow the customer to purchase goods at VISA Electron merchant establishments and withdraw Cash from any VISA | |ATM in India and abroad. It is a 24 hours banking facility. | |What is the difference between a Debit Card and a Credit Card? | |The basic difference between a Debit Card and a Credit Card is that the Debit Card gives the customer access to his own money | |whereas the credit card is a form of loan and allows line of credit offered by the Bank. As in case of Debit Card, there will be | |on li ne debit to the customer’s account, there are no hassle of receiving bills, making payments on due dates, making payment of | |interest on the amount not paid etc. |What is the advantage of a debit card? | |The debit card provides tremendous convenience in payments and helps the customers reduce the amount of cash they need to carry. | |Besides that customer always stays in control of his finances as he can spend only what he has in his account. It also gives an | |unparalleled access to his account, whenever he wants, wherever he goes. | |No Interest / service Charges | |Suits to the Indian psyche of limited expenditure. | |Debit card is not included in the list of Compulsory Income Tax Return Filing. |Usable at POS and hence no carry cash | |Same Card usable at ATMs | |Will customers be entitled to get an additional card in case of joint accounts? | |All the joint account holders, if the operating instructions in the account are ‘either or survivor’, are elig ible to get an | |additional card in his/her own name. | |What are the charges for issuing of a Debit Card? | |There are no charges for issuing a debit card. | |What should customer do on receipt of DEBIT CARD? | |Customers are advised to immediately sign on the panel on the back of the Card. However, to prevent any possible misuse, even | |before delivery of Card to customer, it has been made mandatory that Customer should first use the Card at ATM, which requires PIN| |to be entered.. Debit Card will be activated for use at POS only after it is used at ATM. | |What is PIN? | |PIN is a FOUR Digits Personal Identification Number, which is issued to the customer in a CLOSED Jacket and is delivered to him | |separately. Customers are requested to ensure that PIN jacket is received by them INTACT and they are also requested to change his| |PIN immediately. Under no circumstance, PIN should be divulged to anyone including to any official from the Bank. | | | |Where will Bank Of Baroda Debit Card be accepted? | |The  Bank of Baroda International Debit Card  is accepted at over 32000 Visa Electron ATMs in India and 1000000 ATMs worldwide. The | |card is also accepted at any 350000 merchant outlets in India and around 29 millions globally. The card enables you to enjoy the | |convenience of cash-less purchasing power without the fear of overdrawing your account. | |What are the facilities available at ATMs? | |At BANK OF BARODA’s ATM network, Customer will be able to withdraw Cash, make a balance enquiry, change his PIN and print a mini | |statement of his account. However, at all other banks ATMs he will be able to withdraw cash and enquire the balance only. | |Whether there are any charges for using CARD at ATMs? | |There will not be any charges for using the Card at Bank of Baroda’s own ATM network. However, if the Card is used at other banks | |ATM, whether in India or abroad, customer is required to pay the charges as per tariff of charges, which will be declared by the | |Bank from time to time. | |And what about charges for using the Card at POS? | |There will not be any charge for using the Card at the POS, either in India or abroad except a nominal service charge is levied if| |the card is used at Petrol Pumps and Indian railways. | |How the amounts withdrawn abroad or purchases made outside India are debited into the account? | |Normally the Cash can be withdrawn and payments for purchases can be made upto the amount of balance available in the account of | |the customer. However, for safety reasons Bank has fixed PER DAY limit of Rs 15000/- for withdrawing the Cash at ATMs and Rs | |25000/- for making purchases at the POS, subject to maximum of balance available in SB account. These limits are also subject to | |using the card MAXIMUM of FOUR times in a day. | |Are any formalities required to be completed by the Bank for international transactions? | |NO, the customer is required to use the Card as per his foreign exchange entitlements only and necessary formalities as required | |under FEMA 1999 are to be complied with by the customer. | | | |What will be the mode of payment in case of a Debit Card? | |The account of the customer will be debited instantly to the extent of purchases made and amount withdrawn from the ATMs. |Therefore, there will not be any monthly outstanding as in case of Credit Cards. | |If customer returns the goods to POS or cancel the transactions, will his account be credited online? | |In case he cancels the transaction immed iately, customer’s account will be credited immediately. However if any customer returns | |the goods later, merchant will make the payment to our Base branch through acquirer. Switch will pass on the credit to customer’s | |account thereafter. | |What is the procedure to be followed in case of loss of Debit Card? | |In case of loss of card, customer will be required to report the loss IMMEDIATELY over phone to our 24 hours Customer Care Toll | |free number 1800 220 400. He will also be required to report the loss to nearest police station and inform the Bank in writing | |along with a copy of information duly acknowledged by the Police. | |When will the customer get replacement card in lieu of lost one? | |Replacement card will be issued to customer after receipt of above information and a request for issuing of replacement card from | |the base branch of the customer. | |How can Customer prevent misuse of card in event of getting it misplaced? | |Customers are protec ted from the misuse/losses on the Debit Card after they report the loss to the Bank. They will be covered | |automatically under an insurance cover. Please note that this cover will be available to customers only for misuse of card at POS,| |because at ATM misuse without PIN is not possible. Customer is neither supposed to divulge his PIN to anyone nor record the PIN | |anywhere. | [pic] SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH: ? Financially strong bank ? Very old bank ? Aggressive marketing ? Good repo ? Technological advanced WEAKNESS: ? Guidelines are not flexible ? Power is not decentralized OPPORTUNITIES: ? New area is developing. So, there is vast chance for housing loan. ? Guidelines to be designed in such a way that needs of the all type of prospective borrowers should be fulfilled. THREATS: ? This is the nationalized bank so, competition may be with private banks ? Aggressive marketing strategies by private banks ? Entry of foreign banks in near future. [pic] Findings and Research Methodology Findings Q. 1. Are you a customer of BOB? [pic] Interpretation:- Around 91. 60% are Bank of Baroda customer, because these surveys are conducted in various branches of BOB only. So majority are customer of BOB. Q. 2. Which type of A/C do you maintain? [pic] Interpretation:- According to survey there are majority of respondent are maintaining saving account. It’s very easy to maintain and also only 1000Rs. are required for opening these type of account. Q. 3. How long are you banking with BOB? [pic] Interpretation:- According to total respondent 29 respondent are banking with Bank of Baroda lies between 1-5 years and 26 respondent are banking with BOB more than 5 years. Q. 4. Which of the following facilities of BOB you use? [pic] Interpretation:- According to respondent 40 customer are using ATM/Debit Card and 18 customer are using Net banking. These show those customers are using ATM/Debit card facilities more than other facilities. Q. 5. How frequently do you use AMT/Debit card? [pic] Q. 6. What purpose you are using AMT/Debit card? [pic] Q. 7. Select the type of Baroda Connect a/c you use? Q. 8. How did you come to know about Baroda Connect? [pic] Q. 9. Which of the following do you use in Baroda Connect facility? [pic] Q. 10. How frequently do you use Baroda Connect (net banking facility)? [pic] Q. 11. Select some of the benefits of using Baroda Connect? [pic] Q. 12. Do you have demate A/C? [pic] Q. 13. Satisfaction level of using ATM/Debit card: [pic] Q. 14. Satisfaction level of using Baroda Connect (Net Banking): [pic] Q. 15. How frequently do you visit the branch? [pic] Q. 16. What are purpose of visiting the brand? [pic] Personal Detail:- ? Gender:- [pic] ? Education:- [pic] ? Monthly Income (Rs. ):- [pic] Research Development ACTUAL COLLECTION OF DATA Data sources: The sources of data include either secondary data or primary data and even ome times the combination of both. The present study is more concentration on both primary and secondary data. Primary data: Primary data is collected through face-to face interaction with customers of the telecom companies, by meeting them in personal. Secondary data: The secondary data us ed for their study are inclusive of the data collected from the internet, catalogues and brochure. SAMPLING PLAN 1 Define Population ? Elements: Customers ? Sampling Units: Businessmen, Professional, House wives, Students. ? Extent: West, North, South, East 2 Sampling Frame ? Various Branches of Bank of Baroda, Ahmedabad city. 3 Sampling Method ? Random Sampling METHODOLOGY The study will conduct on the bases of survey through questionnaires given to respondents. Sampling Design Population: Ahmadabad Sample Size: Population of 60 LEARNINGS The most important part is that they make me feel employee of the organization rather than a trainee and allow me to flourish in each and every department. They were so generous to me that at any mistake, rather scolding they taught me how to correct it allow me to learn from that mistake. Learning include, 1. Overview of the banking industry their operation 2. Deep Knowledge of ATM/Debit Cards 3. Familiar with third party Products and Alternative delivery Channels 4. Gain knowledge of loan 5. Proposals that the bank has approved for the disbursement of loan 6. Working on CRISIL and learning some of its function 7. The most important learning of CIBIL how to learn this CIBIL 8. Knowledge functioning of LAPS software 9. Also Updated with SME Loans, City back offices, Service branch, MICR centre. 10. How to come out from the different problems how to interact with customer. 11. Awareness of FINACLE software. Experience at Bank of Baroda I would like to conclude my project with a feeling of having gained enormous knowledge in the field of advances. My project has taught me a lot and has helped me sharpen my management skills for application aspect. I had wonderful experience for which I am greatly thankful to the entire staff of BOB who have continuously taught me by guiding in each and every step. It was a memorable experience of working in such a lively dedicated atmosphere. Not to forget to mention that my two months training has removed my misconceptions regarding the working of public sector bank. Lastly, I would conclude it was such a memorable experience for me to be a part of BOB. Thanks a lot to all staff members of BOB for such a good co-operation. BIBILIOGRAPHY ? www. bankofbaroda. com ? www. google. com ? http://www. ibef. org/industry/Banking. aspx ? www. cibil. com ? www. crisil. com [pic] ———————– [pic] How to cite Constraints in Popularising Debit Card, Essay examples

Tutta Karlssons first and only, Ludwig Fourteenth and other Review Essay Example

Tutta Karlssons first and only, Ludwig Fourteenth and other Review Paper Essay on Tutta Karlssons first and only, Ludwig Fourteenth and other Who does not love a great Soviet film Red, honest, passionate, loosely based on the book by Jan Ekholm? If you still did not look, highly recommend in a simple fairy story tucked deep existential problems loneliness and otherness, friendship and family ties, mutual understanding of children and parents Little Ludwig grows not so, how would like to see my mother with. dad. He is kind, compassionate, and naive (oh my!) Leads friendship with leverets. Just a shame the family, rather than a normal child. Old father-foxes and older brother had lost all hope to reason with the boy. Mom-fox quietly sighs and closes his eyes to the disgraceful behavior of the fox for a hereditary son, led the old gippenreyterskim principle You shall love the child for what he is. And live. But the boy is growing stronger and his humanistic views. He is even ready to become a vegetarian, but would not hurt to living beings. Relationship with his father and older brother are running high to the limit. Another trick pacifist, family scandal, Ludwig and runs from the house. But where to go? Who lodges a little fox? In his naive goodness, he did not understand how very vulnerable to the outside world, where reigns the laws of natural selection, and every stump danger lies. We will write a custom essay sample on Tutta Karlssons first and only, Ludwig Fourteenth and other Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tutta Karlssons first and only, Ludwig Fourteenth and other Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tutta Karlssons first and only, Ludwig Fourteenth and other Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer from exhaustion, he falls in the middle of rye field ( The Catcher in the rye ), and above his head, stands a symbol of the modern era a straw man designed to intimidate enemies and instilling in them a sense of their insignificance. Not realizing how close he slumped to the lair of the foxs arch enemy, Ludwig decides not to stop at nothing. He takes a step forward facing right with her. Hungry for understanding and love of the boys heart shudders. It faces a greenhorn Tutta Karlsson the first and only one close to where it will be really happy if he could defend the right to this happiness and to keep it in its still fragile legs